Balancing the world’s population is going to be a complicated challenge in the coming years. The most important problem is overpopulation; our planet can’t currently support us indefinitely based on our resource consumption, and our population is only growing. With technological advances and increases in responsible consumerism Earth will be able to sustain a very large number of people, but for now overpopulation is a significant problem. The second problem is underpopulation; the population of many countries isn’t growing fast enough maintain their labor force and care for their aging population. This is a growing problem in many Western countries, as well as Japan.